BIHAR BOARD EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Bihar School Examination Board [BSEB] has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 01 February 2025 and will last upto 15 February 2025, it will take around 15 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The board will conduct the class 12 exam in two shifts. The first-shift exams are conducted from 9:30 am to 12:45 pm while the second shift exam will be from 2 pm to 5:15 pm. The board is going to start the practical exams on January 10, 2025. The last practical exam will be on January 20, 2025.

NCERT SYLLABUS

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics

Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates

What is Macroeconomics?

Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
Circular flow of income (two-sector model); Methods of calculating National Income -Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method.

Aggregates related to National Income:

Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP.

GDP and Welfare

Unit 2: Money and Banking

Money - meaning and supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks.

Money creation by the commercial banking system.

Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.

Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment

Aggregate demand and its components.

Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal). Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism. Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.

Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them -changes in government spending, taxes and money supply.

Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy

Government budget - meaning, objectives and components.

Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.

Measures of government deficit - revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their meaning.

Unit 5: Balance of Payments

Balance of payments account - meaning and components; balance of payments deficit-meaning.

Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating. Determination of exchange rate in a free market.

Part B: Indian Economic Development

Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991:

A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence. Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans.

Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade.

Economic Reforms since 1991:

Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy);Concepts of demonetization and GST

Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy

Poverty- Absolute and relative; Main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical assessment;

Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India

Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - role of cooperatives;agricultural diversification; alternative farming - organic farming

Employment: Growth and changes in work f

BIHAR BOARD EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Bihar School Examination Board [BSEB] has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 01 February 2025 and will last upto 15 February 2025, it will take around 15 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The board will conduct the class 12 exam in two shifts. The first-shift exams are conducted from 9:30 am to 12:45 pm while the second shift exam will be from 2 pm to 5:15 pm. The board is going to start the practical exams on January 10, 2025. The last practical exam will be on January 20, 2025.

NCERT SYLLABUS

Part A: Introductory Macroeconomics

Unit 1: National Income and Related Aggregates

What is Macroeconomics?

Basic concepts in macroeconomics: consumption goods, capital goods, final goods, intermediate goods; stocks and flows; gross investment and depreciation.
Circular flow of income (two-sector model); Methods of calculating National Income -Value Added or Product method, Expenditure method, Income method.

Aggregates related to National Income:

Gross National Product (GNP), Net National Product (NNP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Net Domestic Product (NDP) - at market price, at factor cost; Real and Nominal GDP.

GDP and Welfare

Unit 2: Money and Banking

Money - meaning and supply of money - Currency held by the public and net demand deposits held by commercial banks.

Money creation by the commercial banking system.

Central bank and its functions (example of the Reserve Bank of India): Bank of issue, Govt. Bank, Banker's Bank, Control of Credit through Bank Rate, CRR, SLR, Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Open Market Operations, Margin requirement.

Unit 3: Determination of Income and Employment

Aggregate demand and its components.

Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal). Short-run equilibrium output; investment multiplier and its mechanism. Meaning of full employment and involuntary unemployment.

Problems of excess demand and deficient demand; measures to correct them -changes in government spending, taxes and money supply.

Unit 4: Government Budget and the Economy

Government budget - meaning, objectives and components.

Classification of receipts - revenue receipts and capital receipts; classification of expenditure – revenue expenditure and capital expenditure.

Measures of government deficit - revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, primary deficit their meaning.

Unit 5: Balance of Payments

Balance of payments account - meaning and components; balance of payments deficit-meaning.

Foreign exchange rate - meaning of fixed and flexible rates and managed floating. Determination of exchange rate in a free market.

Part B: Indian Economic Development

Unit 6: Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991:

A brief introduction of the state of Indian economy on the eve of independence. Indian economic system and common goals of Five Year Plans.

Main features, problems and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI – role & importance) and foreign trade.

Economic Reforms since 1991:

Features and appraisals of liberalisation, globalisation and privatisation (LPG policy);Concepts of demonetization and GST

Unit 7: Current challenges facing Indian Economy

Poverty- Absolute and relative; Main programmes for poverty alleviation: A critical assessment;

Human Capital Formation: How people become resource; Role of human capital in economic development; Growth of Education Sector in India

Rural development: Key issues - credit and marketing - role of cooperatives;agricultural diversification; alternative farming - organic farming

Employment: Growth and changes in work force participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies

Infrastructure: Meaning and Types: Case Studies: Energy and Health: Problems and Policies- A critical assessment;

Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning, Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment, including global warming

Unit 8: Development Experience of India:

A comparison with neighbours

India and Pakistan

India and China

Issues: economic growth, population, sectoral development and other Human Development Indicators

Part C: Project in Economics

TO KNOW MORE

For Official Website: click here

BIHAR BOARD EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Bihar School Examination Board [BSEB] has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 01 February 2025 and will last upto 15 February 2025, it will take around 15 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The board will conduct the class 12 exam in two shifts. The first-shift exams are conducted from 9:30 am to 12:45 pm while the second shift exam will be from 2 pm to 5:15 pm. The board is going to start the practical exams on January 10, 2025. The last practical exam will be on January 20, 2025.

TIME TABLE - ECONOMICS

TIME TABLE - ALL SUBJECTS

BIHAR BOARD EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Bihar School Examination Board [BSEB] has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 01 February 2025 and will last upto 15 February 2025, it will take around 15 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The board will conduct the class 12 exam in two shifts. The first-shift exams are conducted from 9:30 am to 12:45 pm while the second shift exam will be from 2 pm to 5:15 pm. The board is going to start the practical exams on January 10, 2025. The last practical exam will be on January 20, 2025.

TIME TABLE - ECONOMICS

TIME TABLE - ALL SUBJECTS

TO KNOW MORE

For Official Website: click here

BIHAR BOARD EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Bihar School Examination Board [BSEB] has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 01 February 2025 and will last upto 15 February 2025, it will take around 15 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The board will conduct the class 12 exam in two shifts. The first-shift exams are conducted from 9:30 am to 12:45 pm while the second shift exam will be from 2 pm to 5:15 pm. The board is going to start the practical exams on January 10, 2025. The last practical exam will be on January 20, 2025.

Preparing for the Bihar Board Class 12 Economics exam requires a combination of understanding key economic concepts, practicing writing skills for theoretical questions, and focusing on time management. Here’s a detailed guide to help you perform well in the Economics exam:

1. Understand the Syllabus Thoroughly

i. Start by reviewing the entire syllabus prescribed by the Bihar Board. Economics in Class 12 generally covers Microeconomics and Macroeconomics.

ii. Identify the chapters with more weightage and focus more on them.

iii. Key sections include:

Microeconomics: Consumer behavior, producer behavior, market equilibrium, cost and revenue analysis.

Macroeconomics: National income, money and banking, government budget, inflation, etc.

Knowing the syllabus will give you a clear roadmap of what topics to prioritize.

2. Focus on Important Topics

Some chapters carry more marks and are frequently asked in exams. Focus on:

a. Microeconomics: Demand and supply analysis, theory of consumer behavior, production and cost, market structures (perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition).

b. Macroeconomics: National income and its measurement, money and banking, government policies (fiscal and monetary), inflation, and unemployment.

c. Indian Economic Development: Major issues in the Indian economy, poverty, unemployment, agriculture, industrial development, and economic reforms.

Prioritize these topics, but don’t neglect the others. A balanced preparation is key.

3. Follow the NCERT Textbook

i. NCERT books are the most important source for Economics. They provide a comprehensive explanation of each concept, and the Bihar Board exam questions are mostly based on these.

ii. Read the chapters carefully, understand the definitions, and study the important graphs and formulas. Economics is a theoretical subject, but it also includes many graphical representations that need to be understood and remembered.

4. Make Short Notes and Formulas

i. While studying, create concise notes for each chapter, especially for definitions, important concepts, and graphs.

ii. For Macroeconomics, focus on key terms like GDP, GNP, inflation, fiscal policies, monetary policies, etc., and make sure to learn their formulas.

iii. For Microeconomics, study the demand-supply curves, cost curves, and market equilibrium graphs. Draw and label them to reinforce your understanding.

5. Understand the Graphs and Diagrams

i. Diagrams and graphs are very important in Economics, especially in Microeconomics. Practice drawing and explaining:

a. The demand and supply curve

b. Cost curves (total cost, marginal cost, etc.)

c. The budget line

d. Market structures (like monopolistic competition)

ii. Practice writing explanations for these graphs in a structured manner.

6. Solve Previous Year’s Question Papers

i. Solving previous years’ question papers will give you a clear idea of the exam pattern, question types, and the level of difficulty.

ii. It will also help you identify frequently asked questions and topics. Make sure to analyze the answers after solving them to learn from your mistakes.

7. Focus on the Theoretical Questions

i. Economics exams often have theory-based questions, especially in Macroeconomics and Indian Economic Development. Ensure that you understand key concepts like:

a. Inflation and its types

b. Monetary and fiscal policy objectives and tools

c. Economic development and the role of sectors (primary, secondary, tertiary) in the economy.

ii. Practice writing answers in a structured format. Start with definitions, followed by explanations, and use examples where possible.

8. Time Management and Practice Writing

i. While preparing for the exam, work on managing your time effectively.

ii. Practice writing answers within a limited time frame. This will help you in the actual exam, where time is a constraint.

iii. Make sure you allocate enough time for revision before the exam.

9. Revise Regularly

i. Economics involves memorization and understanding, so regular revision is crucial. Revisit your notes and important sections every few days to reinforce your memory.

ii. Make sure to revise all the graphs, formulas, and key concepts at least 2-3 days before the exam.

10. Use Reference Books

i. If you have difficulty understanding any concept from NCERT, use reference books like:

a. Sandeep Garg's Economics (for better explanations and practice questions).

b. R.D. Sharma’s Guide to Economics (for more theory and practice).

11. Group Study and Discussion

i. Studying in groups can be beneficial for Economics, as you can discuss and clarify doubts. Explaining concepts to others reinforces your own understanding.

BIHAR BOARD EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Bihar School Examination Board [BSEB] has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 01 February 2025 and will last upto 15 February 2025, it will take around 15 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The board will conduct the class 12 exam in two shifts. The first-shift exams are conducted from 9:30 am to 12:45 pm while the second shift exam will be from 2 pm to 5:15 pm. The board is going to start the practical exams on January 10, 2025. The last practical exam will be on January 20, 2025.

Preparing for the Bihar Board Class 12 Economics exam requires a combination of understanding key economic concepts, practicing writing skills for theoretical questions, and focusing on time management. Here’s a detailed guide to help you perform well in the Economics exam:

1. Understand the Syllabus Thoroughly

i. Start by reviewing the entire syllabus prescribed by the Bihar Board. Economics in Class 12 generally covers Microeconomics and Macroeconomics.

ii. Identify the chapters with more weightage and focus more on them.

iii. Key sections include:

Microeconomics: Consumer behavior, producer behavior, market equilibrium, cost and revenue analysis.

Macroeconomics: National income, money and banking, government budget, inflation, etc.

Knowing the syllabus will give you a clear roadmap of what topics to prioritize.

2. Focus on Important Topics

Some chapters carry more marks and are frequently asked in exams. Focus on:

a. Microeconomics: Demand and supply analysis, theory of consumer behavior, production and cost, market structures (perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition).

b. Macroeconomics: National income and its measurement, money and banking, government policies (fiscal and monetary), inflation, and unemployment.

c. Indian Economic Development: Major issues in the Indian economy, poverty, unemployment, agriculture, industrial development, and economic reforms.

Prioritize these topics, but don’t neglect the others. A balanced preparation is key.

3. Follow the NCERT Textbook

i. NCERT books are the most important source for Economics. They provide a comprehensive explanation of each concept, and the Bihar Board exam questions are mostly based on these.

ii. Read the chapters carefully, understand the definitions, and study the important graphs and formulas. Economics is a theoretical subject, but it also includes many graphical representations that need to be understood and remembered.

4. Make Short Notes and Formulas

i. While studying, create concise notes for each chapter, especially for definitions, important concepts, and graphs.

ii. For Macroeconomics, focus on key terms like GDP, GNP, inflation, fiscal policies, monetary policies, etc., and make sure to learn their formulas.

iii. For Microeconomics, study the demand-supply curves, cost curves, and market equilibrium graphs. Draw and label them to reinforce your understanding.

5. Understand the Graphs and Diagrams

i. Diagrams and graphs are very important in Economics, especially in Microeconomics. Practice drawing and explaining:

a. The demand and supply curve

b. Cost curves (total cost, marginal cost, etc.)

c. The budget line

d. Market structures (like monopolistic competition)

ii. Practice writing explanations for these graphs in a structured manner.

6. Solve Previous Year’s Question Papers

i. Solving previous years’ question papers will give you a clear idea of the exam pattern, question types, and the level of difficulty.

ii. It will also help you identify frequently asked questions and topics. Make sure to analyze the answers after solving them to learn from your mistakes.

7. Focus on the Theoretical Questions

i. Economics exams often have theory-based questions, especially in Macroeconomics and Indian Economic Development. Ensure that you understand key concepts like:

a. Inflation and its types

b. Monetary and fiscal policy objectives and tools

c. Economic development and the role of sectors (primary, secondary, tertiary) in the economy.

ii. Practice writing answers in a structured format. Start with definitions, followed by explanations, and use examples where possible.

8. Time Management and Practice Writing

i. While preparing for the exam, work on managing your time effectively.

ii. Practice writing answers within a limited time frame. This will help you in the actual exam, where time is a constraint.

iii. Make sure you allocate enough time for revision before the exam.

9. Revise Regularly

i. Economics involves memorization and understanding, so regular revision is crucial. Revisit your notes and important sections every few days to reinforce your memory.

ii. Make sure to revise all the graphs, formulas, and key concepts at least 2-3 days before the exam.

10. Use Reference Books

i. If you have difficulty understanding any concept from NCERT, use reference books like:

a. Sandeep Garg's Economics (for better explanations and practice questions).

b. R.D. Sharma’s Guide to Economics (for more theory and practice).

11. Group Study and Discussion

i. Studying in groups can be beneficial for Economics, as you can discuss and clarify doubts. Explaining concepts to others reinforces your own understanding.

ii. However, be careful not to get distracted. Group study is best when everyone stays focused on the syllabus.

12. Stay Updated on Current Affairs

i. While current affairs related to the Indian economy and global economic issues aren’t directly asked, they can sometimes help you frame examples for theoretical questions.

ii. Stay updated with economic news, especially on topics like the Union Budget, inflation trends, GDP growth rates, and government policies.

13. Mock Tests and Self-Assessment

i. Take regular mock tests under exam-like conditions. This will not only help you manage your time better but also help you identify areas where you need to improve.

ii. Self-assessment is crucial to ensure you're focusing on the right areas during your preparation.

BIHAR BOARD EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Bihar School Examination Board [BSEB] has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 01 February 2025 and will last upto 15 February 2025, it will take around 15 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The board will conduct the class 12 exam in two shifts. The first-shift exams are conducted from 9:30 am to 12:45 pm while the second shift exam will be from 2 pm to 5:15 pm. The board is going to start the practical exams on January 10, 2025. The last practical exam will be on January 20, 2025.

KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF THE BOARD EXAM

TIME TABLE

This Year exam will be conducted for the following subject codes & their subjects:

BIHAR BOARD EXAM CLASS 12TH LATEST UPDATE

Finally, wait is over and Bihar School Examination Board [BSEB] has announced class 12 Board exams date. This year class 12th board exam will be started from 01 February 2025 and will last upto 15 February 2025, it will take around 15 days to complete the class 12th board exam. The board will conduct the class 12 exam in two shifts. The first-shift exams are conducted from 9:30 am to 12:45 pm while the second shift exam will be from 2 pm to 5:15 pm. The board is going to start the practical exams on January 10, 2025. The last practical exam will be on January 20, 2025.

KEY HIGHLIGHTS OF THE BOARD EXAM

TIME TABLE

This Year exam will be conducted for the following subject codes & their subjects:

IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS

1. In addition to the duration indicated on the timetable for writing the paper, 15 minutes time is given for reading the Question Paper.

2. The reading time of the Question Papers for the examinations scheduled to begin at 2:00 P.M., will start at I :45 P.M.

3. The reading time of the Question Papers for the examinations scheduled to begin at 9:15 A.M., will start at 9:30 A.M.

4. Candidates must be seated in the Examination Hall/ Room by 1 :30 P.M. for the examinations scheduled to begin at 2:00 P.M. and by 9:00 A.M. for the examinations scheduled to begin at 9:30 A.M.

HOW TO CHECK TIME TABLE

Students who are planning to appear for the Bihar Board Class 12th exam can download their complete timetable by following these simple steps:

Step 1: Go to the official website of the Bihar School Examination Board at biharboardonline.com

Step 2: On the homepage, find and click on the link for Bihar Board Class 12 Time table.

Step 3: A new page will open displaying the Bihar Board exam date sheet in PDF format.

Step 4: Carefully review the date sheet to get all the necessary details regarding the Bihar Board exam.

Step 5: Download and save the timetable. It is also recommended to take a printout for future reference.

TO KNOW MORE

For Official Website: click here