CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
India is poised for a major leap in nuclear energy development with the near commissioning of its first Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), currently under construction in Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu. This reactor is a significant component of the second phase of India’s three-stage nuclear programme, which focuses on reusing spent nuclear fuel and reducing radioactive waste. The PFBR is expected to begin operations between 2025 and 2026, pending final clearance from the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB).
Know About PFBR
The Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor is an advanced nuclear system that uses a plutonium-based mixed oxide (MOX) fuel and liquid sodium as a coolant. Unlike conventional reactors, it has the ability to "breed" more fuel than it consumes by converting fertile materials into fissile fuel. This technology is pivotal for reprocessing spent fuel from India’s Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs), currently the backbone of the country's nuclear power generation. The reactor is being built by Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (Bhavini), under the aegis of the Department of Atomic Energy.
Strategic Importance In India Nuclear Programme
The PFBR plays a central role in India's long-term nuclear energy roadmap. By enabling a closed fuel cycle, it sets the stage for the third phase of the programme, which envisions using thorium-based reactors a resource India has in abundance. This closed-loop system aims to optimise fuel usage, minimise nuclear waste, and strengthen India’s self-reliance in nuclear technology. The government has set an ambitious goal to generate 100 GW of nuclear energy, significantly expanding from the current levels.
Expansion Of Nuclear Capacity
India’s current nuclear power capacity stands at 8.18 GW. Projects already under development are expected to contribute an additional 7.30 GW, with 7.00 GW more in the pre-implementation stage. By 2031-32, the total nuclear capacity is projected to reach approximately 22.48 GW. To meet this target, the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) is ramping up development of indigenous PHWRs and collaborating with global partners for Light Water Reactors, targeting a combined expansion of 33 GW (15.4 GW from PHWRs and 17.6 GW from imported technologies).
Bhavini And Future Of Advanced Reactors
Bhavini is expected to contribute 3.80 GW through Fast Breeder Reactors, while future additions to India’s nuclear mix will include innovations such as Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), Bharat Small Reactors, and other advanced technologies developed in conjunction with private firms. This diversified approach will be crucial in meeting India’s clean energy goals and ensuring energy security.
Timeline And Recent Milestones
The PFBR has entered the advanced phase of integrated commissioning, with initial criticality projected by March 2025. The process of loading the reactor core began in March 2024, an event personally overseen by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The project is expected to be fully completed by September 2026, marking a key milestone in India’s evolving nuclear energy landscape.
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