CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The Punjab government has recently prohibited the cultivation of hybrid rice varieties, citing environmental and economic concerns. The move has led to strong reactions from farmers, environmental experts, and rice mill operators. While authorities argue that hybrids compromise milling quality and contribute to groundwater depletion, farmers emphasize their role in improving yields and adapting to saline soils.
Context And Scope
Punjab, one of India’s leading rice producers, cultivates paddy on nearly 3.2 million hectares. Hybrid rice covers approximately 5–6% of this cultivated area. These varieties, including the popular Pusa-44, are favored by many farmers due to their shorter growth cycles and higher productivity, particularly in areas with challenging water conditions.
Government's Rationale For Ban
According to the state agriculture department, the ban aims to address two key issues: poor rice milling output and environmental degradation. Rice millers have reported that hybrids typically deliver an Out Turn Ratio (OTR) lower than the 67% standard required by the Food Corporation of India (FCI). This results in financial losses for processors and lower market prices for farmers. Additionally, concerns have been raised about stubble burning and excessive water use linked to specific hybrid varieties.
Farmers Opposition And On-Ground Reactions
Farmer groups such as BKU (Ekta Ugrahan) have voiced strong opposition, staging protests and calling for the withdrawal of the ban. They argue that hybrids are essential to maintaining productivity and economic viability. With potential yields reaching up to 36 quintals per acre, hybrids are especially beneficial in regions affected by poor water quality. Protesters stress that the ban will negatively impact their income and food security.
Environmental And Agronomic Debates
Environmental advocates suggest that the timing of paddy transplantation, rather than the choice of seeds, is a more critical factor contributing to environmental issues like groundwater depletion and pollution. While the government has justified the ban on high-water-consuming varieties like Pusa-44, critics argue for more nuanced solutions, such as adjusting sowing schedules and encouraging crop diversification.
Impact On Milling Industry
The rice milling sector in Punjab has expanded significantly, with the number of operational mills increasing from 3,500 to nearly 5,500. However, millers struggle to process hybrid rice efficiently due to grain breakage and quality degradation. Many in the industry blame outdated machinery and advocate for modernization instead of restricting seed use.
Legal And Regulatory Concerns
Legal experts question the state's authority to impose such a ban under existing regulations. The Seed Act of 1966 and the Seed Control Order of 1983 allow states to regulate seeds but not ban varieties approved by the central government. Since many hybrid varieties have received central notification, the ban may face legal scrutiny.
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