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CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The World Bank has released its State of Social Protection Report 2025, highlighting a concerning global reality—1.6 billion people still lack access to any form of social protection, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The findings underline the need for comprehensive reforms to strengthen safety nets for the most vulnerable populations.
Social Protection Coverage: A Global Overview
The report reveals that more than 80% of individuals in low-income countries (LICs) do not benefit from any social protection scheme. Even in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), over 30% of the population remains underprotected. The situation is especially dire in sub-Saharan Africa, where over 70% of residents are excluded from all forms of social security or welfare.
Economic Status And Social Protection Gaps
There is a clear link between a country's economic strength and its social protection coverage. While LICs exhibit the widest coverage gaps, with around 80% of people receiving no form of support, upper-middle-income countries fare better, with only 11% lacking access. However, due to larger population sizes in LMICs, the absolute number of uncovered individuals remains significantly high.
Progress Made And Remaining Barriers
From 2010 to 2022, social protection programs mainly cash assistance and social aid schemes saw considerable expansion in LICs and LMICs. During this period, coverage rose from 41% to 51%. Despite these gains, about three-quarters of the population in LICs still remain outside of any support structure, underscoring the uneven progress.
Projections And Way Forward
If the current rate of progress continues, universal coverage for those in extreme poverty may not be achieved until 2043, far beyond the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) deadline. The report also highlights the impact of climate change, warning that it could push an additional 130 million people into extreme poverty if no timely interventions are made.
Funding And Allocation Challenges
Globally, nations spend an average of 5.3% of GDP on social protection. However, high-income countries invest significantly more, while low-income nations allocate only around 0.8% a major factor behind inadequate coverage. The World Bank suggests redirecting inefficient subsidies, particularly in fossil fuels and agriculture, to better fund social safety nets.
Recommendations For Strengthening Social Protection
To close the protection gap, countries must adopt context-specific, scalable strategies. For LICs, this includes:
Expanding targeted social assistance
Promoting inclusive economic policies
Developing integrated, climate-resilient support systems
Leveraging digital technologies to improve delivery efficiency and crisis responsiveness
This report serves as a stark reminder of the urgent need to prioritize social protection in national development agendas—especially as economic shocks, environmental challenges, and inequalities deepen across the globe.
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