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CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) plays a crucial role in monitoring India’s employment dynamics. Conducted by the National Statistical Office (NSO), the survey provides essential data on labour market indicators such as the Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR), Worker Population Ratio (WPR), and Unemployment Rate (UR). The most recent report, covering the period from July 2023 to June 2024, offers a comprehensive overview of employment patterns across both urban and rural regions of the country.
Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)
The LFPR, which measures the proportion of people either working or seeking work, showed modest improvements. In urban areas, male LFPR increased from 74.3% to 75.6%, while female participation also edged up slightly from 25.5% to 25.8%. Nationally, the LFPR rose from 50.3% to 51.0%, although the overall rate, when urban and rural figures are combined, held steady at 56.2%.
Worker Population Ratio (WPR)
The WPR, indicating the share of the working-age population currently employed, experienced minor positive shifts. Urban WPR moved from 47.0% to 47.6%, suggesting better employment engagement in city areas. At the national level, however, the change was marginal, with the WPR going from 53.4% to 53.5%, pointing to overall stability in jobholding rates.
Unemployment Rate (UR)
Rural areas saw a slight improvement in employment, with the unemployment rate declining from 4.3% to 4.2%. This downward trend was consistent for both men and women. In contrast, urban male unemployment ticked up from 6.0% to 6.1%, while urban female unemployment fell from 8.9% to 8.2%. Despite these changes, the overall urban unemployment rate remained unchanged at 6.7%. On a nationwide scale, unemployment dipped marginally from 5.0% to 4.9%, reflecting a slight improvement in job availability.
Shifts In Rural Employment: Household Enterprises
A significant change was noted in the rural female workforce, particularly regarding unpaid helpers in family-run businesses. The share of women working as unpaid helpers dropped from 19.9% to 18.1% over the year. This decline suggests a gradual transition toward more formal or paid employment opportunities for women in rural India.
PLFS Survey Framework And Methodology
Launched in April 2017, the PLFS aims to deliver timely and comprehensive statistics on employment and unemployment. It includes both quarterly and annual data collection across rural and urban segments. The most recent findings are based on data gathered from July 2023 to June 2024, offering a current snapshot of the labour market.
Sample Design And Coverage
For the 2024 cycle, data was collected from 12,749 First Stage Units (FSUs), which included 6,982 villages and 5,767 urban blocks. A total of 101,957 households participated in the survey—55,846 from rural areas and 46,111 from urban areas. This wide coverage enhances the robustness and reliability of the labour market estimates presented in the report.
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