CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The Nilgiri Tahr, an endangered species of mountain ungulate also referred to as the Nilgiri Ibex, is native to the southern stretches of the Western Ghats in India. Recognised as the state animal of Tamil Nadu, this iconic species holds deep cultural importance, with references found in ancient Tamil literature. Male Tahrs are easily identifiable by a light grey saddle-shaped patch on their backs, earning them the nickname “Saddlebacks.” A joint population census of this species is scheduled between April 24 and 27, with active participation from both Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Population Census: A Conservation Milestone
The forthcoming census will span 89 forest blocks in Kerala and 176 blocks in Tamil Nadu, marking the 50th anniversary of Eravikulam National Park. Forest department officials, along with trained volunteers, will use techniques such as camera traps and pellet sample collection to assist in genetic analysis. The population will be estimated using the bounded count method, which helps calculate density and distribution accurately.
Habitat And Natural Range
Confined to the southern Western Ghats, the Nilgiri Tahr primarily thrives in high-altitude grasslands, Shola forests, and rocky terrains in Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Eravikulam National Park, located in Kerala, houses the largest wild population due to its favourable cool and humid climate. These animals are diurnal and have evolved to withstand the harsh, rugged conditions of their alpine environment.
Conservation Status And Challenges
Listed as Endangered by the IUCN and included under Schedule-I of India’s Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, the Nilgiri Tahr enjoys the highest level of legal protection. Despite this, the species has seen a significant decline in numbers due to habitat fragmentation, poaching, and human encroachment. According to a 2015 WWF report, their wild population was estimated at just over 3,100 individuals, a dramatic reduction from their historical range along the Ghats.
Project Nilgiri Tahr: A Renewed Conservation Drive
Launched in December 2022 by the Tamil Nadu government, Project Nilgiri Tahr is a comprehensive five-year conservation programme with a budget of Rupees 25.14 crore. The project’s goals include:
Conducting periodic population surveys
Deploying radio telemetry for tracking movement
Reintroducing Tahrs to areas they previously inhabited
Tackling immediate threats such as habitat degradation and invasive species
This project reflects the growing commitment to preserving India’s rich biodiversity and ensuring a safer future for the Nilgiri Tahr.
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