CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
POEM-4 (PSLV Orbital Experimental Module-4) successfully re-entered the Earth's atmosphere, with its final descent being tracked meticulously by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) through its IS4OM (System for Safe and Sustainable Space Operations Management). The module ultimately made impact in the Indian Ocean, completing its mission lifecycle safely and sustainably.
About POEM-4
POEM-4 is a unique space experimentation platform conceptualized and implemented by ISRO. It transforms the spent fourth stage (PS4) of the PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) into an operational satellite platform post primary mission deployment. This concept is part of ISRO’s efforts to maximize resource utilization and reduce space debris through innovation.
Launched as part of the SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment) mission, POEM-4 marks the fourth deployment in the POEM series and is a direct successor to POEM-3. It showcased a significant enhancement in capability, with three times the payload capacity of POEM-3, allowing for more extensive scientific experiments and technology demonstrations in low Earth orbit (LEO).
Payload Capacity And Experiments
POEM-4 hosted a total of 24 payloads, with 14 contributed by ISRO and 10 from non-governmental entities (NGEs), including private startups and academic institutions. These payloads reflect a diverse range of technological innovations and experimental objectives, many of which are aligned with the global goals of space sustainability and advanced in-orbit operations.
Key Payloads Included
Walking Robotic Arm (RRM-TD) - A robotic manipulator capable of mimicking inchworm-like movement. It’s designed for performing inspections, maintenance, and servicing tasks in orbit—laying the foundation for future on-orbit servicing missions.
Debris Capture Robotic Manipulator - Developed by the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), this payload tests technologies that could help capture and manipulate space debris, a growing concern for global space agencies.
Gradient Control Reaction Wheel Assembly (RWA) - Developed by ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU), this system enhances the spacecraft's orientation and stabilization capabilities using a set of reaction wheels, contributing to the precision of platform maneuverability.
Launch And Mission Profile
POEM-4 was launched on December 30, 2024, aboard PSLV-C60, which also deployed a pair of SpaDeX satellites into an orbit approximately 475 kilometers above Earth. Following the successful deployment of the primary payloads, the PS4 upper stage was repurposed into the POEM-4 platform.
To ensure operational efficiency and safe mission conclusion, the stage was:
Reconfigured and activated as an independent orbital platform post-main mission.
De-orbited intentionally by reigniting its engine, lowering it to a circular orbit at 350 km altitude with a 2° inclination.
Passivated by venting remaining propellant, a standard international practice to prevent accidental explosions and ensure space safety.
Significance Of POEM-4
POEM-4 represents a leap forward in space sustainability and resource optimization. Instead of allowing rocket stages to become uncontrolled debris, ISRO’s approach breathes new life into these components as temporary platforms for scientific innovation and industrial experimentation.
It also reinforces India’s growing collaboration with private players and academic institutions in space research and opens avenues for cost-effective space missions. Additionally, POEM-4 supports global conversations around in-orbit servicing, debris mitigation, and affordable access to space-based experimentation.
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