Vietnam's foreign ministry has recently unveiled a map outlining its baseline claims in the Gulf of Tonkin

Description

Vietnam's foreign ministry has recently unveiled a map outlining its baseline claims in the Gulf of Tonkin, a region of ongoing maritime disputes, particularly with China. The establishment of this baseline is seen as vital for safeguarding Vietnam’s sovereign rights, as it helps define territorial waters and exclusive economic zones (EEZs).

Understanding Baselines And Maritime Claims

Baselines are fundamental in maritime law, acting as reference lines from which the extent of territorial waters is measured. Establishing baselines is often contentious, especially in areas with competing territorial claims, such as the South China Sea. The new baseline marked by Vietnam stretches from offshore Quang Ninh province to Quang Tri province and consists of 14 key points. This legal structure aims to solidify Vietnam’s territorial claims and management of its maritime zones.

Legal Basis And International Context

Vietnam's baseline is anchored in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and is consistent with the 2000 Agreement on the Delimitation of the Gulf of Tonkin, signed with China. This agreement plays a significant role in clarifying maritime boundaries and resolving disputes. The Vietnamese government has emphasized that the baseline is integral to better managing marine resources and fostering international collaboration.

Geopolitical Importance Of Gulf Of Tonkin

The Gulf of Tonkin is located in the northwestern part of the South China Sea, bordered by northern Vietnam and China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Covering an area of about 126,250 square kilometers, it is an area of intense geopolitical interest, with both Vietnam and China asserting historical claims to the region, leading to heightened tensions.

Historical And Etymological Background

The name "Tonkin" derives from the Vietnamese word "Dong Kinh," meaning "eastern capital." During the colonial period under the French, it referred to the northern region of Vietnam. The name reflects the area's deep cultural and historical roots. The Gulf of Tonkin is also known by other names in Vietnamese (Vinh Bac Bo) and Chinese (Beibu Wan), both meaning “Northern Bay.”

Geographical Features

The Gulf of Tonkin is a relatively shallow body of water, with most of its ocean floor less than 75 meters deep, and the maximum depth does not exceed 100 meters. These characteristics significantly impact the region's marine biodiversity and are crucial for activities like fishing and shipping. The shallowness of the gulf makes it a vital source of livelihood for many local fishing communities.

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