The International Labour Organisation (ILO) has published its World Employment and Social Outlook Report for 2025, highlighting the ongoing challenges faced by global labour markets. According to the report, geopolitical tensions, climate change-related costs, and unresolved debt issues continue to hinder economic recovery. While there has been a slight reduction in the global jobs gap, difficulties persist, especially for low-income nations and vulnerable populations.
Global Jobs Gap
In 2024, the global jobs gap stood at 402 million, comprising 186 million unemployed individuals, 137 million temporarily unavailable workers, and 79 million discouraged workers. Although the gap has narrowed since the pandemic, it is expected to stabilize in the coming years.
Unemployment Rates
The global unemployment rate remained at 5% in 2024, but youth unemployment remains a significant concern, standing at 12.6%. Many low-income countries are struggling to generate quality jobs, with informal employment returning to pre-pandemic levels.
Labour Force Participation
Participation in the labour force has declined in low-income countries, while it has risen in high-income nations, particularly among older workers and women. However, significant gender disparities persist, hindering broader economic progress.
NEET Statistics
The proportion of young people not in education, employment, or training (NEET) has increased. In low-income countries, the NEET rate among young men rose by 4 percentage points compared to pre-pandemic levels, affecting 15.8 million young men and 28.2 million young women in 2024.
Economic Growth Trends
Global economic growth slowed to 3.2% in 2024, down from previous years. A similar rate of growth is expected for 2025, although gradual deceleration is anticipated over the medium term.
Real Wages And Inflation
Although inflation has decreased, it remains high, putting pressure on real wages. Wage increases have been limited to some advanced economies, while many countries continue to recover from the effects of the pandemic.
Opportunities In Green And Digital Sectors
Job creation prospects are emerging in the green energy and digital technology sectors. Globally, renewable energy jobs have reached 16.2 million, although their distribution remains uneven. Many countries still lack the infrastructure needed to fully leverage digital technologies.
Recommendations For Action
The ILO urges greater productivity through skill development, expanded social protection, and more efficient use of private investments. It also recommends that low-income countries tap into remittances to foster local development.
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