COLLEGE
COLLEGE
Description
Researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IIT Guwahati) have developed an innovative biological method to transform methane and carbon dioxide into cleaner biofuels using methanotrophic bacteria. The study, co-authored by Prof. Debasish Das and Dr. Krishna Kalyani Sahoo from the Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering at IIT Guwahati, was published in Fuel, an Elsevier journal.
Key Highlights Of Research
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential 27-30 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. Converting methane and carbon dioxide into liquid fuels could significantly reduce emissions while providing a renewable energy source. However, conventional chemical methods for this conversion are energy-intensive, costly, and often produce toxic by-products, making them impractical for large-scale use.
In contrast, the IIT Guwahati research team has developed a fully biological process that uses Methylosinus trichosporium, a species of methanotrophic bacteria, to convert methane and carbon dioxide into bio-methanol under mild conditions. This method offers several advantages over traditional chemical processes, such as eliminating the need for expensive catalysts, avoiding harmful by-products, and operating more energy-efficiently.
The innovative two-step process consists of:
Capturing methane to produce bacteria-based biomass.
Using the biomass to convert carbon dioxide into methanol.
The researchers further optimized this process using advanced engineering techniques to improve gas solubility, which significantly boosted the yield of methanol.
“This research is a major breakthrough, showing that bio-methanol, derived from bacteria consuming methane and carbon dioxide, could be a viable alternative to fossil fuels,” said Prof. Debasish Das. “Unlike conventional biofuels, which rely on crops and can compete with food production, our approach uses greenhouse gases, bypassing the ‘food vs. fuel’ issue. It is both an environmentally and economically sustainable solution, utilizing inexpensive resources while contributing to reducing emissions."
This study tackles two major global challenges: the environmental harm caused by greenhouse gases and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves. The researchers believe their method provides an effective solution to both problems, offering a cleaner, more sustainable way to produce biofuels.
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