CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
The Karnataka High Court has ordered the Kalaburagi district administration to remove encroachments on the city's famous Bahmani Sultan fort.
About Bahmani Kingdom
The Bahmani Kingdom rose to prominence after the Turkish Governor, Ala-ud-din Hassan Bahman Shan, revolted against the Sultan of Delhi, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, in 1347 and founded an independent empire.
It was the first autonomous Islamic state to rise to dominance in South India.
It comprised present-day Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh.
Between 1347 and 1425, the Bahmanis established their capital at Ahsanabad (Gulbarga), and eventually relocated to Bidar.
This kingdom was ruled by fourteen sultans in total. Among them were Alauddin Bahman Shah, Muhammad Shah I, and Firoz Shah.
The Bahmani kingdom reached its apex under the leadership of Mahmud Gawan, who served with distinction as Prime Minister of three Bahmani Sultans from 1458 to 1481 AD.
Mahmud Gawan expanded the empire by reconquering Goa, which was then ruled by the Vijayanagar Empire.
The kingdom was divided into four administrative regions or provinces known as 'taraf'. Daulatabad, Bidar, Berar, and Gulbarga were among them.
Each province had a tarafdar, also known as a subedar.
Bahmani monarchs relied on their amirs for military assistance.
In wars, gunpowder was utilized.
Art And Architecture
The Bahmanis were known to be passionate in architecture and art.
They followed the Indo-Islamic architectural style with a few modifications.
Local materials were used to create the buildings. Persian architecture can be evident in structures from this time period.
Gulbarga (Shah bazaar mosque, Hafta Gumbaz, Jama masjid), Bijapur (Gol Gumbaz, Ibrahim Roza, Bara Kaman, etc.), and Bidar (Rangeen mahal, Janata mahal) have architectural examples.
There was an abundance of Urdu, Arabic, and Persian literature throughout this time period.
During this time, a new dialect called 'Dakhini Urdu' predominated.
Decline
Krishnadeva Raya of the Vijayanagar Empire conquered the final emperor of the Bahmani Empire around 1518.
Following this, the Bahmani Empire was divided into five states known as Deccan Sultanates.
Adilshahi of Bijapur, Baridshahi of Bidar, Nizamshahi of Ahmadnagar, Qutubshahi of Golconda (Hyderabad), and Imadshahi of Berar were the five Deccan Sultanates.
These states began to declare their independence from the Bahmani Empire.
Bidar, Ahmednagar, Golconda, and Bijapur banded forces to invade Vijayanagar, enraged at the collapse.
The latter was defeated in what is known as the Battle of Talikota in 1565.
Bahmani did not rule for long after Vijayanagar was destroyed. These kingdoms were annexed into the Mughal Empire by Akbar and then Aurangzeb.
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