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A new International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List review has revealed a catastrophic situation for freshwater fish species, with over a quarter facing extinction as a result of climate change. Out of 14,898 species analyzed, 3,086 have been recognized as vulnerable, highlighting the critical need for conservation measures.
Climate Change Compound Threats
Climate change provides a multifaceted threat to freshwater fish, affecting 17% of threatened species as a result of declining water levels, altering seasons, and rising sea levels that force seawater into rivers. Pollution (57%), dams and water exploitation (45%), overfishing (25%), disease, and exotic species (33%), are all exacerbated by this.
Case Study: Lake Turkana Robber
The report focuses on the effects of climate change on certain species, such as the Lake Turkana robber (Brycinus ferox) in Kenya. Overfishing, habitat deterioration due to climate change, and dam construction resulting in reduced freshwater inflow have pushed this species up the IUCN Red List from least concern to vulnerable.
Atlantic Salmon Population Decline
Between 2006 and 2020, the global population of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) dropped by 23%, moving the species from least concern to near threatened. Multiple challenges during migration contribute to the decline, including climate change impacting growth, prey availability, invading species, and manmade disruptions like as dams.
Climate Change Impacts On Green Turtles And Big Leaf Mahogany
Climate change has impacted hatching success, sea level rise, and changes in ocean temperatures, bringing the Central South Pacific and East Pacific green turtle populations dangerously close to extinction. Furthermore, the evaluation finds that the great leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) has gone from vulnerable to endangered due to threats to its habitat from illegal logging, urban development, and climate change.
Positive Developments: Scimitar-Horned Oryx And Saiga Antelope
The scimitar-horned oryx and Saiga antelope both have happy endings despite adversity. The oryx, which was once extinct in the wild, has been successfully reintroduced in Chad, while the Saiga antelope population in Kazakhstan has increased 1,100% between 2015 and 2022, moving it from severely endangered to near threatened.
Immediate Action Is Required
The IUCN Red List update underlines the strong link between climate change and biodiversity concerns, asking for collaborative action to combat species reduction. Urgent and aggressive action is required to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius and safeguard our planet's biodiversity. Grethel Aguilar, IUCN director-general, underlines the power of rapid action to halt the devastation caused by climate change.
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