CURRENT AFFAIRS
CURRENT AFFAIRS
Description
A group of geologists, mineralogists, and Earth and ocean experts from Canada, the United States, and France has identified a 72-kilometer fault line on Canada's Vancouver Island.
About Fault Line
It is a line formed by the meeting of a geological fault with the earth's surface.
A fault is a zone of fractures or a fracture between two pieces of rock.
This is due to the strains induced when parts of a plate (or two plates) move in opposite directions.
All faults are caused by tectonic plate movement on Earth. The most significant faults define the boundary between two plates.
Faults enable the blocks to move in relation to one another.
This movement can occur quickly, as in an earthquake, or slowly, as in creep.
Faults can range in length from a few millimetres to thousands of kilometers, as seen from space by the San Andreas Fault in California and the Anatolian Fault in Turkey.
The majority of faults cause recurring displacements over geologic time.
The fault surface could be horizontal, vertical, or any angle in between.
To classify faults, earth scientists utilize the angle of the fault with regard to the surface (known as the dip) and the direction of slip along the fault.
There are several types of faults, but the majority fall into three categories: strike-slip faults, normal faults, and thrust faults.
Faulty Strike-Slip
It happens when two plates slide past each other horizontally with little to no vertical movement.
Strike-slip faults are present in California, the most notable of which is the San Andreas Fault, which has caused numerous major earthquakes.
Normal Fault
Normal fault fractures occur when one mass of rock slides downward and pulls away from another.
Normal flaws make room. Two crust blocks separate, stretching the crust into a valley.
Normal faults are spreading apart Earth's crust in two well-known regions: North America's Basin and Range Province and East Africa's Rift Zone.
Reverse Faults
Reverse faults, also known as thrust faults, occur when one block of crust slides on top of another.
As the two plates collide and buckle upwards, this causes upward movement.
These faults are widespread in collision zones where tectonic plates push up mountain ranges like the Himalayas and the Rocky Mountains.
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