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To improve learning results, the NITI Aayog study on Sustainable Action for Transforming Human Capital in Education (SATH-E) suggests consolidation of small, sub-scale, and low-enrollment schools across the country. The SATH-Education project was carried out in Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, and Odisha, highlighting the potential and limitations of taking decisive action to improve education quality. As part of the effort, 35 thousand schools in Madhya Pradesh were combined into 16 thousand same-campus schools, with 55% of merged schools now having a principal, up from 20% previously.
According to the NITI Aayog Report, the consolidation resulted in a reduced monitoring load of four schools per cluster officer on average, and over 600 middle schools were upgraded to secondary schools in areas with limited access.
The Dakshata Unnayan program, which provides daily remediation for students in grades I-VIII, was introduced. Prior to the halt caused by Covid-19, 15-30% of students were found to shift across learning level groups year after year (AY 2018-19 & 2019-20). A Secondary Assessment Cell was established, and capacity was developed for a phased transition to competency-based assessments. According to the report, approximately 8,000 teachers were eliminated through a transparent online process, while over 13,000 teachers were recruited.
Madhya Pradesh had roughly 1.2 lakh public schools in 2018, with approximately 84,000 basic schools having fewer than 40 students. Notably, 39,266 of the 84,553 schools were classified as sub-scale. The state focused on consolidating same-campus schools, resulting in quick wins by reducing the school footprint by 17,000 schools.
"The 'Teaching at the Right Level' approach under Dakshata Unnayan encouraged teachers in Madhya Pradesh to tailor lessons to the actual learning levels of students, leading to a 20%-30% improvement in learning outcomes in AY 2018-2019," the report quoted Rashmi Arun Shami, principal secretary, School Education, Madhya Pradesh, as saying.
"The 'Ek Shala Ek Parisar' intervention enhanced teacher and school leader availability, improved school resources, increased attendance, and reduced dropouts," she added.
The Performance Grading Index (PGI) improved consistently across all three states. Jharkhand advanced four levels, Odisha advanced two levels, and Madhya Pradesh advanced one level in PGI performance from 2017 to 2021.
"The cost of such subscale schools in the form of extensive multi-grade teaching, lack of a student and parent community that can demand accountability, poor infrastructure, the same 1-2 teachers also handling all administrative responsibilities in the absence of headmasters/principals, etc., is very high," the NITI Aayog said.
"Thoughtfully executed school mergers are one path forward. This has been executed across SATH-E states with favorable results," it added.
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