Description

The Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park (GoMMNP), located in southern India, is a protected area covering approximately 560 square kilometers. The park consists of 21 islands in the Gulf of Mannar in Tamil Nadu. In 1980, the area was designated as a marine national park, and in 1989, it was added to the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve (GoMBR).

Invasive Plant Species Endangering The Vegetation

Prosopis chilensis, an invasive plant species, is threatening the vegetation in the GoMMNP. This plant is indigenous to Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. It is well-known for its rapid spread, forming dense thickets that can displace native plant species. Another invasive plant species, Prosopis juliflora, was introduced by the British in Tamil Nadu in 1877 and is also threatening the area's natural vegetation.

Birds Species Found In The Gulf Of Mannar

A study in the Gulf of Mannar discovered 96 bird species from 13 orders. 58 of these were waterbird species, indicating the area's importance to these birds. The Kilakkarai group's Manoli island had the most waterbird species recorded. The islands were home to eight different bird species, including the Kentish plover, ruddy turnstone, lesser black-backed gull, greater crested tern, little cormorant, great egret, Indian pond heron, and Brahminy kite.

The Islands' Distinctive Ecosystems

The Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park contains three distinct ecosystems: corals, seagrass, and mangroves. The coral reefs in the area are among the healthiest in the world, providing a home for a variety of marine species. Seagrass beds are also important for marine life because they serve as breeding grounds for fish and other organisms. Mangroves, on the other hand, provide a habitat for a variety of bird and animal species as well as protection from erosion and storms along the coastline.

The Importance Of The 21 Islands

The GoMMNP's 21 islands serve as rest stops for birds migrating to and from the nearby Sri Lankan islands. During their long journey, these islands provide critical habitats for these birds to rest and refuel. The area is also significant for the local communities that rely on the park's resources for a living.

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